The Maori people of New Zealand, or Aotearoa, have a rich cultural heritage that encompasses a deep connection to the land, spirituality, and community. Traditional Maori wellness and medicine, known as “Rongoā,” offers a holistic approach to health that integrates physical, mental, and spiritual wellbeing. These practices are deeply rooted in Maori cosmology and the principles of balance and harmony.
Traditional Practices and Beliefs:
- Whakapapa (Genealogy) and Whanaungatanga (Relationships): Central to Maori culture is the concept of whakapapa, which refers to genealogy and the connections between people, the land, and the spiritual world. Whanaungatanga emphasises the importance of relationships and community. These concepts form the foundation of Maori wellness, as health is seen as a reflection of the harmony between individuals, their ancestors, and their environment.
- Rongoā Maori (Traditional Healing): Rongoā Maori encompasses a range of traditional healing practices, including the use of medicinal plants, physical therapies, and spiritual healing. Maori healers, known as “Tohunga,” are skilled in diagnosing and treating ailments through their deep knowledge of natural remedies and spiritual practices.
- Mirimiri and Romiromi (Massage and Bodywork): Mirimiri and Romiromi are traditional Maori massage techniques that involve deep tissue manipulation, acupressure, and spiritual healing. These practices aim to release physical and emotional blockages, restore energy flow, and promote overall well-being. They are often accompanied by karakia (prayers) to enhance the healing process.
- Rākau Rongoā (Medicinal Plants): Maori have extensive knowledge of native plants and their medicinal properties. Rākau Rongoā involves the use of these plants to treat various ailments. For example, kawakawa leaves are used to alleviate pain and inflammation; manuka is known for its antibacterial properties; and harakeke (flax) is used for its soothing and healing effects on the skin. These remedies are often prepared as infusions, poultices, or balms.
- Karakia and Waiata (Prayers and Songs): Spirituality plays a significant role in Maori healing. Karakia, or prayers, are recited to invoke spiritual guidance and protection during healing rituals. Waiata, or songs, are also used to convey spiritual messages and support the healing process. These practices reinforce the connection between the physical and spiritual realms.
Maori community photo by Connor Gan on Unsplash
Traditional Healing Practices:
- Tohunga and Spiritual Healing: Tohunga, or traditional healers, hold a revered place in Maori society. They possess deep knowledge of herbal medicine, spiritual healing, and the use of karakia. Tohunga perform rituals and ceremonies to cleanse individuals of negative energies, restore spiritual balance, and promote overall health. Their practices are often conducted in sacred spaces and are deeply respected within the community.
- Healing Through Nature: Nature is a central element in Maori healing practices. Sacred sites, such as springs, forests, and mountains, are considered sources of healing power. Maori believe that spending time in these natural environments can restore physical and spiritual well-being. Activities such as bathing in healing waters, walking through sacred forests, and meditating in natural settings are common practices.
- Traditional Birthing Practices: Maori birthing practices emphasise the importance of the mother’s connection to her ancestors and the land. Births often take place in culturally significant locations, and rituals are performed to ensure the well-being of both mother and child. Elders and experienced women provide support and guidance throughout the pregnancy and birthing process, incorporating traditional knowledge and practices.
- Maori Art and Healing: Art is an integral part of Maori culture and is often used as a form of healing. Traditional Maori art forms, such as carving (whakairo), weaving (raranga), and tattooing (ta moko), are not only expressions of cultural identity but also means of connecting with ancestors and the spiritual realm. Creating and engaging with art can be a therapeutic practice that promotes mental and emotional well-being.
For Māori, water is a sacred source of life, health, and nourishment, both physically and spiritually. Taupō is considered a taonga (treasure), central to Māori identity and well-being. The waters of the lake are used in traditional healing practices, with specific locations holding particular mana (spiritual power). Sailboat in the Sea of Taupo, photo by Aaron Mickan on Unsplash
Wellness and medicine in Maori culture offer a holistic approach that emphasises the interconnectedness of the land, spirituality, and community. Traditional practices, such as Rongoā Maori, Mirimiri and Romiromi, and the use of Rākau Rongoā, provide valuable insights into maintaining balance and harmony – ingredients that we also believe are key to wellness and wellbeing.
By honouring and learning from these ancient traditions, we can enrich our understanding of holistic health and support the wellness of Maori people. The integration of spiritual practices, the use of medicinal plants, and the emphasis on relationships and community reflect a comprehensive approach to health that continues to inspire and guide wellness practices today.
Please Note: The wellness practices and traditional healing techniques discussed in this article are based on ancient cultural traditions. They are intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before starting any new health regimen or if you have any concerns regarding a medical condition. The effectiveness of these traditional practices may vary from person to person. The information provided does not endorse or guarantee the efficacy of any particular treatment.
Image credit: Solitaire Lodge, New Zealand
